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What are the rules of war? And how do they apply to Israel's actions in Gaza?_我的网站

一 |     7月22日，以“青春返家乡 扬帆正当时”为主题的2024暑期连山区大学生社会实践活动正式启动。全区77名社会实践大学生、25家用人单位代表及相关负责同志参加启动仪式。

二 |          　　为深入贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和习近平总书记关于青年工作的总体要求，进一步推动连山区人才政策落到实处，增强连山籍大学生对家乡的归属感和认同感，团连山区委按照“政务实习、企业实习和职场体验”三个板块推进大学生“返家乡”和“扬帆计划”社会实践工作。         　　启动仪式上，团区委动员同学们更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，在市委的坚强领导下，团结引领广大青年认真履职尽责，勇于开拓创新，为全面振兴新突破汇聚青春动能、贡献青春力量。

三 |     Six days after a brutal attack by armed Hamas militants on Israeli civilians, Israel ordered an evacuation of more than 1 million Palestinians in northern Gaza ahead of what could be an unprecedented ground offensive there against Hamas."We are going to destroy Hamas infrastructures, Hamas headquarters, Hamas military," vowed Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant as airstrikes were underway.The U.S. and other nations have repeatedly warned Israel to follow the "rules of war."But what are they? And will they prevent civilians from being hurt?Here's what to know about international humanitarian laws and how they might apply in the Israeli-Hamas conflict in Gaza.

Is Israel bound by the rules of war?

Yes.Israel has promised to abide by international humanitarian law including those under the Geneva Convention that seeks to minimize the impact on civilians, provide aid to the wounded on the battlefield, and not to mistreat prisoners of war.In general, the U.S. military and Israeli Defense Force also rely on similar rules of engagement in military operations.Israel insists it follows the rules of war and always has.But there is disagreement by international groups about exactly what qualifies as a violation in a country's quest to defend itself against terror attacks, as well as whether Israel could be prosecuted through the International Criminal Court -- an entity Israel doesn't recognize.Officials at the United Nations and European Union have accused Israel of already violating its promise not to harm civilians by cutting water and electricity to all of Gaza residents, including to hospitals. They also say it's impossible to ensure the safety of so many civilians by giving only 24 hours to evacuate to avoid the fighting.Palestinian health authorities estimate 1,799 civilians have been killed in Israeli airstrikes, including 583 children, following Hamas' attacks that have killed at least 1,300 Israelis.Ravina Shamdasani, spokesperson for the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human rights, said Hamas' brutality doesn't "liberate" Israel from adhering to international humanitarian laws."It is absolutely crucial that Israeli leaders and global leaders make it unambiguously clear that international humanitarian law is an obligation. It is not optional, and that military operations must be conducted in full compliance with international law," she said.President Joe Biden said he delivered that message directly to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu this week, later telling reporters "that it is really important that Israel, with all the anger and frustration … they operate by the rules of war.""And there are rules of war," Biden added.

How would the rules apply in this conflict? Would civilians be spared?

Avoiding harm to civilians though can fall into a gray area, particularly when it comes to a massive ground operation unfolding on a remarkably narrow strip of land. Gaza is among the most populated areas on Earth, roughly 7.5 miles at its widest and 25 miles long with some 2 million inhabitants.Eric Oehlerich, a retired Navy SEAL and ABC News contributor, said that even with sophisticated weaponry, such an operation would be extraordinarily difficult to carry out with no civilians harmed."There isn't a force in the world that can deal with 40,000 (enemy) soldiers interspersed with civilians in that densely populated area" and have "zero" civilian deaths, said Oehlerich."It's impossible," he added.One question will be what constitutes a valid military target, said Mick Mulroy, a former deputy assistant secretary of defense for the Middle East and retired CIA paramilitary operations officer.Israel says that Hamas -- which doesn't abide by humanitarian laws in its deliberate attack on civilians last week -- uses Palestinian civilians and hospitals as shields."If Hamas holds up in a building -- whether it's a hospital or mosque -- it becomes a valid military target," said Mulroy, also an ABC contributor. "That said, every reasonable step should be taken to eliminate or reduce civilian casualties (and) has to be done."

What does all this mean for hostages held by Hamas and US citizens inside Gaza?

Oehlerich, who has participated in military operations to free hostages, said getting those hostages out using military force will also be extraordinarily tough. That's because Hamas will likely have gone to great lengths to hide the hostages, including possibly rigging secret tunnels or even the hostages themselves with explosives.Oehlerich said success is more likely to come through backchannel negotiations with countries like Egypt and Qatar.Israeli officials say its special operations forces have been operating inside Gaza in past days trying to locate hostages. The US is also working the Red Cross and the UN to establish "safe zones" for foreign nationals to leave, including Americans located within Palestine, according to a senior State Department official.Beyond that, questions remain on how many innocent people will be hurt or killed inside Gaza. When asked by a reporter Friday what worries him most about the Israeli ground invasion, Biden had a one-word answer."Death," he said.ABC News' Shannon Crawford, William Gretsky and Mary Bruce contributed to this report.。

四 | 对同学们提出三点殷切期望，一是提高政治站位，挺起青春脊梁；二是把握实践机遇，展现青春担当；三是坚定理想信念，点亮青春之光。

五 |          　　区信访局相关负责人代表用人单位发言，他表示，信访局高度重视本次实践活动，为到信访局入职的实践大学生安排了专业人员进行对接，做好岗前培训和工作指导，让学生们更好更快地融入岗位，真真正正得到锻炼。         　　2023度辽宁省大学生“返家乡”社会实践活动优秀大学生做了表态发言。他说，通过本次活动到连山区融媒体中心实践感到十分荣幸，他将利用所学专业投身到连山区文化宣传工作中去，弘扬主旋律、传播正能量，讲好家乡故事，在实践中增长才干。

六 |          　　活动现场，为学生代表授旗，期待学生们在实践岗位上施展才华、充分锻炼、为连山建设注入青春活力。

七 | 团区委特邀连山区委党校高级教师为学生们做了题为“学礼仪 树形象”的专题讲座。         　　团区委负责人表示，将进一步做好实践学生管理指导工作，引领全区青年学子在火热的青春实践中为家乡建设挺膺担当。

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