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Beijing likely to receive one-third of annual rainfall in 24 hrs amid Typhoon Dolphin_我的网站

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    Local militia personnel clear water and drain waterlogged roads in Hefei, East China's Anhui Province, on August 11, 2026. Photo: IC
Typhoon Dolphin stopped being numbered at 5 pm on Tuesday, however its impacts continue as it triggered strong winds and heavy rainfall in inland areas as far north as Beijing. The National Meteorological Center (NMC) issued an orange alert for heavy rain, along with blue alerts for severe convective weather. Some areas are expected to see rainfall of 250 to 300 millimeters, CCTV News reported on Tuesday.
The China Meteorological Administration maintained a Level II emergency response on Tuesday as Typhoon Dolphin, its remnants, and cold air were forecast to bring heavy rain to parts of eastern and northern China including Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei and Beijing over the next three days, CCTV reported. 
From Tuesday morning to Wednesday morning, parts of multiple regions including western Jiangsu, north-central Anhui, Henan, central and western Hubei, western and southern Hebei, Beijing, central and western Inner Mongolia, northwestern Heilongjiang, and southwestern Yunnan are expected to experience heavy to torrential rainfall. Some areas in central Henan could see extreme rainfall, with accumulated precipitation reaching 250 to 300 millimeters, according to CCTV. 
Beijing activated a Level II flood-control emergency response at 9 am on Tuesday, with authorities at all levels throughout the city mobilizing flood prevention measures, CCTV reported. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Natural Resources launched a Level IV geological disaster defense response for Beijing at 3 pm on Tuesday.
According to the Beijing Meteorological Service's forecast, from Tuesday evening through Thursday, most parts of Beijing will experience heavy rainfall, with accumulated precipitation expected to exceed 100 millimeters in six hours and 150 millimeters in 24 hours. 
In seven areas including Tongzhou, Daxing, Fangshan, Mentougou, the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Huairou, and Fengtai, six-hour rainfall totals could exceed 150 millimeters, while 24-hour accumulations could surpass 200 millimeters, CCTV reported. 
Beijing receives an average of 528 millimeters of precipitation annually, with most of it typically concentrated between June and September. Therefore the rainfall in 24 hours since Tuesday evening would likely be equivalent to more than one-third of the city's annual rainfall.
Beijing's flood control authorities ordered personnel responsible for urban waterlogging hotspots to take their posts from noon on Tuesday, with drainage equipment and flood barriers pre-positioned.
The city's flood control authorities also ordered the evacuation of people in flood- and landslide-prone areas before 6 pm on Tuesday and required work at construction sites to be suspended and mountain campsites and related tourist attractions to be closed.
Starting Wednesday, Beijing will encourage flexible work arrangements and staggered commuting, while schools may suspend classes and offline training, as well as outdoor teaching activities. Outdoor sports events will be halted, traffic controls imposed in high-risk areas, and public transport adjusted according to weather conditions and safety needs, CCTV reported. 
As significant rainfall is expected to begin affecting western and southern parts of Shandong Province on Tuesday, Jinan city has taken precautionary measures in advance, with multiple large and medium-sized reservoirs carrying out controlled pre-releases to create additional flood-control capacity and prepare for rainfall brought by the typhoon, CCTV reported. 
In Henan Province, the provincial department of water resources and provincial meteorological service jointly issued a red alert for flash floods at 8 am. It is forecast that from 8 am Tuesday to 8 am Wednesday, some mountainous areas in multiple cities and counties are at relatively high risk of flash flood.
Typhoon Dolphin's impact is far from over despite the typhoon having made landfall twice in Zhejiang. Zhang Fanghua, chief forecaster at the NMC, said on Monday that Dolphin's extensive cloud system and abundant moisture reserves have prevented its residual circulation from dissipating quickly. Instead, the residual circulation is expected to continue moving northward and westward. Over the next week, it is forecast to bring widespread and prolonged heavy rainfall to East China, North China, the Huanghuai region and even Northeast China, with some areas potentially experiencing extreme rainfall, the Science and Technology Daily reported.
Ma Jun, director of the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs, told the Global Times that as the typhoon moves northward, it could encounter cold air from the north, potentially bringing not only heavy rainfall but also severe convective weather. Such weather can trigger disasters such as flash floods and mudslides, cause urban flooding, and affect farmlands. 
。    由芝加哥大学、麦克马斯特大学和巴斯德研究所进行的这项研究的结果于10月19日发表在《自然》杂志上。由鼠疫耶尔森菌（Yersinia pestis）引起的全球大流行的鼠疫在北非、欧洲和亚洲的城市中消灭了30%至60%的人，对人类产生了巨大的影响--显然还有我们的基因组。这项研究的共同第一作者、芝加哥大学遗传医学教授Luis Barreiro博士说：“这是一种非常直接的方式来评估单一病原体对人类进化的影响。人们猜测了很久，黑死病可能是一个强有力的选择原因，但在观察现代人群时很难证明这一点，因为人类在当时和现在之间不得不面对许多其他选择压力。解决这个问题的唯一方法是缩小我们所关注的时间窗口。

B | ”在这项研究中，科学家们利用测序技术的最新进展，检查了来自伦敦和丹麦的200多人的骨骼中的古代DNA样本，这些人在1340年代末“黑死病”瘟疫席卷该地区之前、期间和之后死亡。利用对一组300个免疫相关基因的定向测序，他们确定了四个基因，根据变体的不同，这些基因可以保护人们免受鼠疫耶尔森菌的侵害或增加对鼠疫耶尔森菌的敏感性。Barreiro说：“据我所知，这是第一次证明黑死病确实是人类免疫系统进化的一个重要选择压力。”研究小组锁定了一个与易感性有特别紧密联系的基因：ERAP2。拥有一个特定遗传变体（被称为rs2549794）的两个拷贝的人能够产生ERAP2转录本的全长拷贝，因此产生更多的功能性蛋白质，而另一个变体则导致了转录本的截断和非功能性版本。功能性ERAP2在帮助免疫系统识别感染的存在方面发挥着作用。Barreiro说：“当巨噬细胞遇到一个细菌时，它会把它切成碎片，以便将它们呈现给其他免疫细胞，发出有感染的信号。拥有该基因的功能版本似乎创造了一种优势，可能是通过增强我们的免疫系统感知入侵病原体的能力。根据我们的估计，拥有两份rs2549794变体的人比拥有两份无功能变体的人更有可能在黑死病中幸存下来。

C | ”研究小组甚至还测试了rs2549794变体如何影响活人细胞帮助对抗瘟疫的能力，确定表达该变体两个拷贝的巨噬细胞与没有该变体的巨噬细胞相比，在中和鼠疫耶尔森菌方面更有效率。鼠疫耶尔森菌研究组组长、巴斯德研究所世界卫生组织鼠疫合作中心主任Javier Pizarro-Cerda博士说：“在体外检查ERAP2变体的影响使我们能够从功能上测试不同的变体如何影响现代人的免疫细胞在受到活的鼠疫耶尔森菌挑战时的行为。这些结果支持古代DNA证据，即rs2549794对鼠疫有保护作用。”研究小组进一步得出结论，对rs2549794的选择是进化对我们基因组的平衡行为的一部分；虽然ERAP2对黑死病有保护作用，但在现代人群中，同一变体与自身免疫性疾病的易感性增加有关，包括作为克罗恩病的一个已知风险因素。“像黑死病这样的疾病和流行病在我们的基因组上留下了影响，就像考古项目要检测的那样，”麦克马斯特大学人类学教授、该研究的共同第一作者Hendrik Poinar博士说。“这是第一次看到大流行病如何改变我们的基因组，但在现代人口中没有被发现。这些基因处于平衡选择之下--在数百年的瘟疫流行期间提供了巨大的保护，现在却变成了与自身免疫有关。过度活跃的免疫系统在过去可能是很好的，但在今天的环境中，它可能没有那么大的帮助。

D | ”未来的研究将扩大项目的规模，以检查整个基因组，而不仅仅是一组选定的免疫相关基因；而且该团队希望探索影响现代人对细菌的敏感性的基因变体，并将其与这些古代DNA样本进行比较，以确定这些变体是否也是自然选择的结果。“有很多关于病原体如何塑造人类进化的讨论，所以能够正式证明哪些途径和基因被作为目标，真的有助于我们了解是什么让人类适应并存在于今天，”Barreiro说。“这告诉我们使我们在整个历史上得以生存的机制，以及为什么我们今天还在这里。

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Published on:04:35:03